{"id":2781,"date":"2023-04-30T11:00:11","date_gmt":"2023-04-30T16:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stephenleng.com\/cn\/?p=2781"},"modified":"2025-09-06T10:40:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T02:40:19","slug":"what-sociology-cant-explain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stephenleng.com\/cn\/what-sociology-cant-explain\/","title":{"rendered":"\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5df2\u6545\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Peter Kaufman\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.everydaysociologyblog.com\/2012\/01\/sociological-new-years-resolutions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u5e74\u51b3\u5fc3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\u201c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f9d\u9760\u5fc3\u7406\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08psychologism\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u5b83\u6765\u81eaC-\u8d56\u7279\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\uff08C. Wright Mills\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u7684\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u8d28\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0cKaufman\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4ee4\u6211\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p 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